Memory Record of Fruit dove

The fruit doves, also known as fruit pigeons, are a genus (Ptilinopus) in the pigeon and dove family (Columbidae). These colourful, frugivorous doves are found in forests and woodlands in Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is a large genus with about 50 species, some threatened or already extinct.

These small- to medium-sized doves generally have short, fan-shaped tails,and are remarkable for their colourful and often glossy plumage, as evidenced in the aptly named Orange Fruit Dove, Flame-breasted Fruit Dove, and Pink-headed Fruit Dove.Males and females of many fruit dove species look very different. For example, the female Many-coloured Fruit Dove shares the male’s crimson crown and deep pink undertail feathers, but is otherwise green, whereas the male has a crimson on the upper back and has areas of yellow, olive, cinnamon, and grey.

The many species of this genus can be further grouped by geography and by certain shared characteristics. The fruit doves of the Sunda Islands and northern Australia, such as the Pink-headed Fruit Dove and Banded Fruit Dove, have comparatively longer tails than other species, and are notable for their solid colouration on the head, neck and breast, with a black band across the belly. Another grouping can be made of certain fruit doves endemic to New Guinea, the Moluccas, and the Bismarck Archipelago, including the Carunculated Fruit Dove, Knob-billed Fruit Dove, and others; these are notable for their grey colouration on the head or shoulder and/or enlarged cere (part of the bill). This group is uncharacteristically not sexually dimorphic, meaning males and females look alike. The Orange Dove, Golden Dove, and Whistling Dove, all endemic to Fiji and sometimes placed in their own genus Chrysoenas, have in common their small size, compact shape, yellow or orange colouration in the males, and hair-like body feathers. They also are known for their rather un-pigeon-like vocalizations, which sound like snapping, barking, or whistling, respectively.[1] Finally, the Pacific Islands provide homes to a number of species that share generally green colouration with crimson caps or crowns, ventriloquial cooing or hooting, and a distinct texture of the breast feathers.[2] The Grey-green Fruit Dove is typical of this group.[1] Recent evidence suggests Ptilinopus as presently defined is paraphyletic as Alectroenas and Drepanoptila are embedded within it.[4] The generic name Ptilinopus comes from the Ancient Greek words ptilon "feather," and pous, "foot.
Data refer : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_dove

Beautiful Fruit Dove

Jambu Fruit Dove

Mariana Fruit Dove

Orange Fruit Dove

Ornate Fruit Dove

Pink-headed Fruit Dove

Wompoo Fruit Dove

Yellow-breasted Fruit Dove

Memory Record of Castle

A castle (from Latin: castellum) is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility. Scholars debate the scope of the word castle, but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble. This is distinct from a palace, which is not fortified; from a fortress, which was not always a residence for nobility; and from a fortified settlement, which was a public defence – though there are many similarities among these types of construction. Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses. Over the approximately 900 years that castles were built they took on a great many forms with many different features, although some, such as curtain walls and arrowslits, were commonplace.

Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland

A European innovation, castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries, after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes. These nobles built castles to control the area immediately surrounding them, and were both offensive and defensive structures; they provided a base from which raids could be launched as well as protection from enemies. Although their military origins are often emphasised in castle studies, the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power. Urban castles were used to control the local populace and important travel routes, and rural castles were often situated near features that were integral to life in the community, such as mills and fertile land.

Many castles were originally built from earth and timber, but had their defences replaced later by stone. Early castles often exploited natural defences, and lacked features such as towers and arrowslits and relied on a central keep. In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, a scientific approach to castle defence emerged. This led to the proliferation of towers, with an emphasis on flanking fire. Many new castles were polygonal or relied on concentric defence – several stages of defence within each other that could all function at the same time to maximise the castle's firepower. These changes in defence have been attributed to a mixture of castle technology from the Crusades, such as concentric fortification, and inspiration from earlier defences such as Roman forts. Not all the elements of castle architecture were military in nature, and devices such as moats evolved from their original purpose of defence into symbols of power. Some grand castles had long winding approaches intended to impress and dominate their landscape.

Although gunpowder was introduced to Europe in the 14th century, it did not significantly affect castle building until the 15th century, when artillery became powerful enough to break through stone walls. While castles continued to be built well into the 16th century, new techniques to deal with improved cannon fire made them uncomfortable and undesirable places to live. As a result, true castles went into decline and were replaced by artillery forts with no role in civil administration, and country houses that were indefensible. From the 18th century onwards, there was a renewed interest in castles with the construction of mock castles, part of a romantic revival of Gothic architecture, but they had no military purpose.
Data refer :http://commons.wikimedia.org
Data refer :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle

The Tower of London

Arundel Castle, West Sussex

Windsor Castle

Chateau de Pesteil

Chateau de Trécesson

Fort La Latte en Bretagne

Chateau de Sully sur Loire

Schweriner Schloss

Schloss Neuschwanstein

Marksburg

Castle of Fénis

Castle of Manzanares el Real, Madrid

Maschio Angioino in Napoli

Kilkenny Castle

Ordensburg mit Kirche in Poland

Gniew

Maruoka Castle in Japan

Matsumoto Castle in Japan

Himeji Castle in Japan

Visegrád castle

Thailand Carved Furniture

Furniture can be a product of the arts of design. And may be considered as a decorative art. There may also be significant in a symbolic or religious. Equipment may have other components as well, such as a clock or a lamp. To functional areas within Furniture can be made from various materials such as metal, plastic and wood.